Category Archives: Society

Government, Health, Medical, Science, Society

Cannabis: Drug closely linked to psychosis

CANNABIS DEBATE

As debate in Britain is renewed over the legalising of cannabis, a leading academic has claimed that the drug is linked to psychosis.

THERE has been renewed debate in Britain over the legislation of cannabis. Last week, for the first time ever, the NHS prescribed cannabis oil for 12-year-old Billy Caldwell to treat his epilepsy.

But a psychiatric expert, Professor Robin Murray, an authority on schizophrenia at King’s College London, has claimed that one in six people with psychosis in the UK would never have developed it if they had not smoked the drug. The leading academic said about 50,000 people were now diagnosed as psychotic solely because they used the substance while teenagers. Many had no family history of psychosis and would have had no risk of developing the disease if they had not smoked ‘high-strength cannabis’, he claimed.

The Royal College of Psychiatrists has also spoken out to warn that cannabis use ‘doubles the risk’ of someone becoming psychotic. The warning was given following comments made by former Tory leader William Hague who said the drug should be decriminalised for recreational use.

Professor Murray said: ‘If you smoke heavy, high-potency cannabis, your risk of psychosis increases about five times.

‘A quarter of cases of psychosis we see in south London would not have happened without use of high-potency cannabis. It is more prevalent in that area, but the figure for Britain would be one in six – or approximately 50,000 people.’

Cannabis can make users feel paranoid, experience panic attacks and hallucinations, and it is also linked to depression and anxiety. Many experts claim it is only people who are predisposed to psychosis who develop it after smoking cannabis. However, Professor Murray added: ‘It is true there are some people with a family history of it who are pushed into psychosis more easily by smoking cannabis. But most have no family history, there is no evidence they are predisposed to schizophrenia or psychosis. The problems start only when they are 14 and 15 and start using cannabis.’

It is believed the drug disrupts dopamine, a brain chemical which helps people predict what is going to happen and respond rationally. In developing brains, cannabis can skew this so that people become paranoid and deluded.

Dr Adrian James, Registrar at the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: ‘As mental health doctors, we can say with absolute certainty that cannabis carries severe risks. The average cannabis user is around twice as likely as a non-user to develop a psychotic disorder.’

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Health, Medical, Society

New medical guidelines for dementia patients

DEMENTIA

DOCTORS have been instructed to recognise the “human value” of patients with dementia as part of a major overhaul of care.

Dementia patients should be treated as individuals, have a say in their care and not face discrimination for their age or the severity of the illness, new guidelines say.

While there is currently no cure for dementia, the guidelines stress the importance of diagnosis so that patients and their families can prepare for the future and start treatments to slow its advance. This includes giving patients a controversial spinal tap when doctors are unsure whether they have dementia.

. See also Research reveals a healthy diet helps to stave off dementia

Charities have welcomed the care blueprint but warned that substantial investment would be needed to implement the measures, which include appointing dementia “champions” to advise patients and their families on the care available.

A spokesperson from the Alzheimer’s Society, said: “It’s encouraging to see the steps it’s taking to ensure the needs and rights of people with dementia are met. However, the guideline is just a starting point. What we need now is support to implement these recommendations.”

Recent figures suggest a million Britons are living with dementia. This is expected to double by 2051 due to the ageing population and obesity, which raises the risk of the condition.

Health watchdog NICE drew up the new advice – the first changes to healthcare guidance in a decade – to improve the postcode lottery of care on the NHS following concerns that dementia patients were being failed across the UK.

Ofsted-style ratings carried out in 2016 found that 57 per cent of health boards were giving patients with dementia and Alzheimer’s inadequate care.

Officials found some patients were never diagnosed with dementia, while many of those who were did not receive a check-up for 12 months. Last year, a major study found hundreds of thousands of Britons had dementia but did not know because they were never given a formal diagnosis in case it made them anxious.

For the first time, the guidelines urge doctors to carry out a spinal tap – using a needle to extract spinal fluid from patients whose diagnosis is unclear. However, the procedure is uncomfortable, sometimes painful, and can cause side-effects such as severe headaches and infections.

Other changes include a recommendation for more training for staff such as carers at home, in care homes and GPs to better support people living with dementia. The guidance says people with dementia and their carers should be assigned a health or social care professional to co-ordinate treatment, rather than being left to navigate the options themselves.

Initial assessments should include recording a history – including cognitive, behavioural and psychological symptoms – and how it affects daily life.

This should either come from the patient or a spouse, loved one or carer who knows them well, it recommends.

Alzheimer’s Research UK said: “We’re very happy to see the NICE guidelines give additional attention to how health professionals can help people with dementia get involved in research.”

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Aid, Britain, Government, Politics, Society

Foreign aid spending hits public trust

FOREIGN AID

MINISTERS are undermining trust in foreign aid by failing to ensure it is spent on the world’s poorest, a committee of MP’s have warned.

Projects funded through the £14billion budget include schemes to boost China’s film industry and to improve its museums.

Britain is legally committed to spending 0.7 per cent of gross national income on foreign aid, but the Commons international development committee called for that money to be focused on poverty reduction.

MPs specifically singled out the £600million Prosperity Fund, a cross-Whitehall pot that is still used to pay for foreign aid schemes in countries like India and China.

They raised questions about how it was funding projects in China to reduce tobacco consumption by migrant workers and to lower the salt intake of children.

The MPs said many of the dubious ventures were being run by Boris Johnson’s Foreign Office (FCO).

“Among the FCO-administered Prosperity Fund projects, we found many weaker examples including projects to develop the Chinese film industry, improve the Chinese museum infrastructure and improve the credit bond rating system in China,” they said.

The committee said it was unclear “how these types of interventions will benefit the very poorest people”. It called for a review of existing programmes.

“We are concerned to have uncovered Prosperity Fund projects within middle-income countries which show inadequate, or negligible, targeting at improving the lives of the very poorest and most vulnerable communities in these countries,” the report said.

Whitehall departments were also condemned for not being open about how they are doling out the £14billion budget.

Although most of the foreign aid budget is used by the Department for International Development (Dfid), other Government departments are increasingly having to help to get the money out the door.

More than a quarter (27.5 per cent) of the £14billion aid budget was spent by departments other than Dfid last year.

The report said while Dfid was “respected worldwide as an accountable deliverer of aid”, there was a lack of transparency elsewhere in Whitehall.

The committee warned that other Government departments were being given aid money to spend without having to explain how they would make sure it was used properly.

The MPs said: “Given the level of spending involved, we are concerned that departments are not publishing fuller details of their… spending as this lack of clarity clouds the public’s ability to see good and bad spending.”

They highlighted the Conflict, Stability and Security Fund (CSSF), which redacts information and refuses to publish how it uses much of its money. The MPs added: “This lack of clarity undermines trust in the fund.”

A spokesperson for the Government said: “We have been clear, we must ensure that the aid budget is not just spent well but could not be spent better and standards are raised across Government to achieve value for taxpayers’ money.”

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