Germany, Government, History, Poland, Second World War

Poland set to demand billions in reparations from Germany over World War Two

WARTIME REPARATIONS

Poland-reparations

POLAND is demanding millions of pounds in reparations from Germany for its treatment of Poles during the Second World War in an “historic counteroffensive”.

POLAND is preparing to demand billions of euros in wartime reparations from Germany.

Government officials in Poland are looking into a “historical counteroffensive” to claim compensation for atrocities and looting.

Arkadiusz Mularczyk, an MP with the ruling Law and Justice party, has revealed that parliamentary researchers will have an analysis of the issues ready by Friday, 11 August 2017.

Germany’s 1939-1945 occupation of Poland cost the lives of up to six million civilians, around a fifth of the pre-war population. Half the dead were Jewish Holocaust victims. Churches, cultural treasures and entire cities were plundered and destroyed.

The Soviets also carried out looting and committed atrocities such as the Katyn massacre of Polish officers in 1940. Under pressure from Moscow, Poland’s former communist government agreed in 1953 to make no further reparation claims.

But Antoni Macierewicz, Poland’s defence minister, has said that the decisions of a Soviet puppet state were not necessarily valid today.

He insisted the Germans needed to “pay back the terrible debt they owe to the Polish people”.

Jaroslaw Kaczynski, the country’s most powerful politician, said in a recent interview the “Polish government was preparing itself for a historical counteroffensive”.

“We are talking here about huge sums, and also about the fact that Germany for many years refused to take responsibility for World War II,” said Kaczynski, who leads Right-wing Law and Justice.

He called for reparations when he was prime minister more than a decade ago, creating tensions between two important trading partners and allies in NATO and the European Union. Ulrike Demmer, a spokesman for German chancellor Angela Merkel, responded to Mr Macierewicz by saying “the question of reparation for Poland was dealt with conclusively in the past, legally and politically”.

She added: “Of course Germany stands by its responsibility in World War II, politically, morally and financially. It has made significant reparations for general war damage, including to Poland, and is still paying significant compensation for Nazi wrongdoing.”

Poland’s wartime suffering has been highlighted this week by the anniversary of the start of the Warsaw Uprising. The revolt in 1944 claimed 200,000 Polish lives and saw the near total destruction of the capital city.

A year earlier the liquidation of the Jewish ghetto also saw heroic resistance. Underground fighters held out for almost a month against heavily-armed German units; 13,000 Jews were killed.

Poland has spent decades trying to regain its looted treasures. Its ministry of culture still keeps a watch for any works that may turn up on the international art circuit.

It often finds itself having to buy the works at auction – sometimes from the descendants of those who stole them.

Berlin has paid billions of euros over the years in compensation for Nazi crimes, primarily to Jewish survivors, and acknowledges the country’s responsibility for keeping alive the memory of Nazi atrocities and atoning for them.

It took until 2010 for Germany to finally clear its First World War debt. The £22billion reparations were set by the Allied victors – chiefly Britain, France and the United States – as compensation and punishment for the conflict.

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China, Donald Trump, Europe, Military, Poland, Russia, United Nations, United States

The United States and other global risks

UNITED STATES

us-troops-in-poland

Poland and the Baltic states feel threatened by Russia’s recent deployment of nuclear-capable Iskander missiles in Kaliningrad, the Russian territory wedged between Poland and Lithuania. The U.S. has responded by sending troops and reinforcements to Poland.

Intro: We need to turn away from Donald Trump’s Twitter feed and concentrate on some of the more worrying developments that the United States are involved in.

Much of the attention in the United States over the past week has been on Donald Trump and what the Russians may or may not have got on embarrassing material about his business and private life. The revelations have been fascinating, the risk of Mr Trump being held for blackmail on any hidden agenda with Russia lurid, but, nevertheless, it is no wonder such news has dominated the headlines.

Beneath all of this, however, there has been much more serious global developments with US involvement, eclipsed by the shenanigans and salacious disclosures of the incoming president’s behaviour. But it is best that they do not go unnoticed.

The first was the biggest deployment of U.S. troops in Europe since the end of the cold war. Some one thousand troops (of a promised four thousand) were deployed to Poland, part of President Barack Obama’s response to the nervousness of central European states in the face of Russian aggression. Agitated concerns have been expressed in many European states ever since Russia’s belligerence and actions in Ukraine and the Crimea. Notably, this is the first-time U.S. troops have been permanently stationed along Russia’s western border.

More than 80 main battle tanks and hundreds of armoured vehicles have already arrived in Germany and are being moved into eastern Europe by road and rail.

The Kremlin has been angered by the deployment, branding the arrival of tanks and reinforcements as a threat to Russia’s security.

Last October Russia sent nuclear-adaptable Iskander missiles to the Polish border and in December deployed Bastion anti-ship missile launchers to the Baltic. America has now responded to that threat given its commitment to peace in Europe. An old-fashioned arms build-up is now taking shape.

This is not the only part of the world where Russia and the U.S. are squaring up to each other. In another scenario, Russia has a powerful partner – China. The Asian economic powerhouse has also said U.S. actions in the region, namely in the South China Sea, are a threat to its national security.

In recent days China has sent its only aircraft carrier into the Taiwan Strait, largely seen as a provocative move amid ongoing tensions between Beijing and Taiwan. China claims that Taiwan is its rightful province.

China is also deeply resentful about a joint plan between the U.S. and South Korea to deploy an advanced missile defence system, ostensibly a defence system against any missiles fired from North Korea. China is North Korea’s only ally.

It is understood that representatives from Beijing and Moscow met last week and that they had agreed to take ‘further counter-measures’ in response to the U.S.-South Korea plan. It is not known what those counter-measures will be but it is likely that will be from a range of economic, military and diplomatic relations they have at their disposal.

Mr Trump is already heightening tensions in the region, first with his earlier decision to break diplomatic protocol and call Taiwanese president Tsai Ing-Wen, and then his secretary of state nominee Rex Tillerson saying the U.S. should deny Beijing access to new islands it has built in the heavily disputed waters of the South China Sea. Many in China, reinforced by editorials in Chinese newspapers, believe such U.S. action could result in war.

Rather than being obsessed and preoccupied with Mr Trump’s Twitter feed we should be concentrating instead on the bigger, more pressing, issues.

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